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The Information Security researchers at University College London (UCL) analyzed an archive of 12.16 million GPS observations collected between 2007 and early 2026 to understand what the broadcasts actually contain.
To make processing this massive dataset practical, the researchers built a Julia pipeline to extract the bits directly into a DuckDB database. This setup allowed them to run queries across 19 years of global ground-station data in milliseconds.

Read the full analysis in the researchers’ blog here.